Как рассчитать фондоотдачу по балансу
- Формула расчета показателя фондоотдачи v
- Нормальное значение v
- Способы повышения значения показателя фондоотдачи v
- Задайте вопрос юристу > бесплатная консультация v
Фондоотдача – это экономический индекс, охарактеризовывающий результативность применения основных средств фирмы. Этот коэффициент анализирует и отображает какая сумма дохода отводится для элементарной стоимости производственных фондов.
Индекс фондоотдачи не показывает результативность применения основных фондов, он соотносит объемы, полученные от продажи товаров (доход) со стоимостью производственных средств труда, которые имеет предприятие.
При сравнивании показателей фондоотдачи по динамике ряда лет, либо с аналогичными коэффициентами других организаций подобных отраслей, возможно сделать вывод о результативности применения основных фондовых средств.
Формула расчета показателя фондоотдачи
Для определения значения коэффициента фондоотдачи требуется знать выручку предприятия от продаж товаров и основные средства организации.
Формулу вычисления индекса фондоотдачи можно записать таким образом:
Ф – фондоотдача;
В – выручка;
ОС – основные средства.
Чтобы рассчитать данный коэффициент более точно, необходимо взять его значения не на конечную дату определенного периода, а в виде среднего арифметического данного периода.
Так как индекс фондоотдачи рассчитывается отношением выручки к другому активу, он считается коэффициентом оборачиваемости организации.
Нормальное значение
У показателя фондоотдачи не имеется среднестатистического значения, он полностью зависим от отрасли производства фирмы, и его нужно анализировать в общей динамике производства организации.
В производственных предприятиях с высокой фондоемкостью показатель фондоотдачи будет меньше.
При анализе коэффициента фондоотдачи в динамике производства можно сказать, что при его росте увеличивается результативность пользования оборудованием.
-
Показатель фондоотдачи падает:
-
снижается финансовая устойчивость организации;
-
уменьшается результативность применения производственных фондов.
-
Показатель фондоотдачи растет:
-
повышается экономическая устойчивость;
-
растет результативность пользования производственными фондами.
-
Показатель фондоотдачи превышает среднеотраслевое значение указывает на повышение конкурентоспособности организации.
-
Показатель фондоотдачи ниже среднеотраслевого значения указывает на снижение конкурентоспособности организации.
Чтобы проанализировать влияние фондоотдачи на прибыль, в финансовом анализе предприятия используют следующие равенства:
V = OC × F;
V = P + I, где
V – выручка;
OC – основные средства;
P – прибыль;
I – затраты;
F – коэффициент фондоотдачи.
Преобразуя данные формулы, можем находить соотношения между прибылью и остальными величинами:
P = OC × F – I.
Ниже представим последовательность этапов факторного анализа фондоотдачи и прибыли:
- Вначале преобразуем формулу приращения: ∆P = P1 – P0;
- Затем вычисляем степень влияния меняющихся стоимостей основных средств на прибыль: ΔPoc = (OC1 × F0 – I0) – (OC0 × F0 – I0) = (OC1 – OC0) × F0;
Данное равенство показывает, какое изменение прибыли, и как на это влияют изменения стоимостей основных средств.
- Находим степень влияния уровней фондоотдачи на приращение прибыли:
∆Pf = (OC1 × F1 – I0 ) – (OC1 × F0 – I0) = OC1 × (F1 – F0);
Данное равенство показывает, как изменяется прибыль в зависимости от меняющейся фондоотдачи. Равенство прямо пропорционально.
- Воздействие издержек на прибыль можно найти из следующего выражения:
ΔPI = I0 — I1.
Если издержки начинают увеличиваться, то прибыль начинает падать.
Способы повышения значения показателя фондоотдачи
Приведем ниже список критериев, которые могут увеличивать значение коэффициента фондоотдачи:
- Увеличение производительности труда и оборудования;
- Увеличение загрузки оборудования;
- Увеличение процента автоматизации производства предприятия;
- Постепенное внедрение новых технологий и инноваций в производственный процесс, а также в реализацию товаров;
- Развитие и увеличение дистрибьюторской сети покупателей;
- Повышение качества и конкурентоспособности производственных товаров.
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